Kings of Israel and Judah

Kings of Judah

1. JesseDid not reign

   Of Bethlehem, the father of David.

   Ruth 4:22 · 1 Sam 16:1
2. DavidReigned over all Israel

   He reigned over Judah in Hebron seven years and six months, then over all Israel and Judah thirty-three years in Jerusalem. He swore that Solomon would reign after him.

   1 Sam 16:13 · 2 Sam 5:3 · 1 Kgs 2:10

   • Wife:Michal 1 Sam 18:27
   • Wife
     Bathsheba

     Formerly the wife of Uriah the Hittite. Nathan the prophet and she reminded David of his oath that Solomon would reign after him.

     2 Sam 11:3 · 2 Sam 12:24 · 1 Kgs 1:11
3. SolomonReigned over all IsraelAlso called: Jedidiah · Mother: Bathsheba

   Kings: he reigned in Jerusalem over all Israel forty years. After his death the kingdom divided: Judah followed his son Rehoboam, and the other tribes made Jeroboam king.

   2 Sam 12:24 · 1 Kgs 1:39 · 1 Kgs 11:42

   • Mother of his sons
     Naamah

     An Ammonite.

     1 Kgs 14:21 · 2 Chr 12:13
4. RehoboamReigned over JudahMother: Naamah

   Kings: forty-one when he became king, seventeen years in Jerusalem. When he would not lighten the people’s burden, Israel rejected the house of David; “only the tribe of Judah followed the house of David.”

   1 Kgs 11:43 · 1 Kgs 14:21 · 2 Chr 12:13

   • Wife
     Maacah

     Kings calls her the daughter of Abishalom, 2 Chronicles the daughter of Absalom; Rehoboam loved her more than all his wives. Asa later removed her from her position as queen mother.

     1 Kgs 15:2 · 2 Chr 11:20–22
5. AbijahReigned over JudahMother: Maacah

   Kings calls him Abijam: three years in Jerusalem. His mother is Maacah daughter of Abishalom in Kings, Maacah daughter of Absalom in 2 Chronicles — and, in another place of 2 Chronicles, Micaiah daughter of Uriel of Gibeah. The tree does not reconcile them.

   2 Chr 12:16 · 2 Chr 13:1 · Matt 1:7
6. AsaReigned over Judah

   Kings: forty-one years in Jerusalem. The queen mother in his reign is Maacah, Abijah’s mother — in Hebrew called his mother, in many translations his grandmother. He removed her from that position because of an Asherah pole.

   1 Kgs 15:8 · 1 Kgs 15:9–10 · Matt 1:7

   • Mother of his sons
     Azubah

     Daughter of Shilhi.

     1 Kgs 22:42 · 2 Chr 20:31
7. JehoshaphatReigned over JudahMother: Azubah

   Kings: thirty-five when he became king, twenty-five years in Jerusalem. He made peace with the king of Israel. Not Jehoshaphat the father of Jehu.

   1 Kgs 15:24 · 1 Kgs 22:41–42 · Matt 1:8
8. JoramReigned over JudahAlso called: Jehoram

   King of Judah; Kings calls him Jehoram son of Jehoshaphat. Kings: eight years in Jerusalem, while Joram son of Ahab reigned over Israel. He married a daughter of Ahab; in his days Edom and Libnah rebelled.

   2 Kgs 8:16 · 2 Kgs 8:24 · Matt 1:8

   • Wife:Athaliah 2 Kgs 8:18
   1. JehoshebaDid not reignAlso called: Jehoshabeath

      “Daughter of King Joram, the sister of Ahaziah.” She hid Ahaziah’s son Joash from Athaliah. 2 Chronicles says she was the wife of Jehoiada the priest.

      2 Kgs 11:2 · 2 Chr 22:11
9. AhaziahReigned over JudahMother: Athaliah

   King of Judah. 2 Kings: twenty-two when he became king, one year in Jerusalem; the Hebrew text of 2 Chronicles has forty-two, some ancient translations twenty-two. Wounded by Jehu’s men, he died at Megiddo. 2 Chronicles once calls him Jehoahaz.

   2 Kgs 8:25 · 2 Kgs 8:26 · 2 Kgs 9:27

   • Mother of his sons
     Zibiah

     From Beersheba.

     2 Kgs 12:1 · 2 Chr 24:1
10. JoashReigned over JudahMother: Zibiah

    King of Judah. Hidden six years in the house of the LORD, he was seven when Jehoiada the priest made him king; Kings: forty years in Jerusalem. His servants killed him. Not Jehoash king of Israel.

    2 Kgs 11:2 · 2 Kgs 11:21 · 2 Kgs 12:1

    • Mother of his sons
      Jehoaddan

      From Jerusalem.

      2 Kgs 14:2
11. AmaziahReigned over JudahMother: Jehoaddan

    Kings: twenty-five when he became king, twenty-nine years in Jerusalem. He challenged Jehoash king of Israel and was captured at Beth-shemesh; later conspirators killed him at Lachish.

    2 Kgs 12:21 · 2 Kgs 14:1 · 2 Chr 25:1

    • Mother of his sons
      Jecoliah

      From Jerusalem.

      2 Kgs 15:2 · 2 Chr 26:3
12. UzziahReigned over JudahMother: Jecoliah

    Called Azariah in most of 2 Kings and in 1 Chronicles. Kings: sixteen when he became king, fifty-two years in Jerusalem. He had leprosy until he died, and his son Jotham governed the people of the land.

    2 Kgs 15:13 · 2 Chr 26:1 · Matt 1:8

    • Mother of his sons
      Jerusha

      Daughter of Zadok.

      2 Kgs 15:33 · 2 Chr 27:1
13. JothamReigned over JudahMother: Jerusha

    Kings: twenty-five when he became king, sixteen years in Jerusalem. While his father had leprosy, he had charge of the palace and governed the people of the land.

    2 Kgs 15:7 · 2 Kgs 15:32 · Matt 1:9
14. AhazReigned over Judah

    Kings: twenty when he became king, sixteen years in Jerusalem. When the kings of Aram and Israel rose against him, he sent to Tiglath-pileser king of Assyria for help.

    2 Kgs 15:38 · 2 Kgs 16:1 · Matt 1:9

    • Mother of his sons
      AbiAlso called: Abijah

      Daughter of Zechariah.

      2 Kgs 18:2
15. HezekiahReigned over JudahMother: Abi

    Kings: twenty-five when he became king, twenty-nine years in Jerusalem. Samaria was captured in his sixth year; in his fourteenth, Sennacherib king of Assyria took the fortified cities of Judah.

    2 Kgs 16:20 · 2 Kgs 18:1 · Matt 1:9

    • Mother of his sons
      Hephzibah2 Kgs 21:1
16. ManassehReigned over JudahMother: Hephzibah

    Kings: twelve when he became king, fifty-five years in Jerusalem. Not Manasseh son of Joseph.

    2 Kgs 20:21 · 2 Kgs 21:1 · Matt 1:10

    • Mother of his sons
      Meshullemeth

      Daughter of Haruz, from Jotbah.

      2 Kgs 21:19
17. AmonReigned over JudahMother: Meshullemeth

    Kings: twenty-two when he became king, two years in Jerusalem. His servants killed him in his palace, and the people of the land made his son Josiah king.

    2 Kgs 21:18 · 2 Kgs 21:19 · Matt 1:10

    • Mother of his sons
      Jedidah

      Daughter of Adaiah, from Bozkath.

      2 Kgs 22:1
18. JosiahReigned over JudahMother: Jedidah

    Kings: eight when he became king, thirty-one years in Jerusalem. The Book of the Law was found in the house of the LORD in his reign. Pharaoh Neco killed him at Megiddo. Three of his sons reigned after him.

    2 Kgs 21:24 · 2 Kgs 22:1 · Matt 1:10

    • Mother of his sons
      Hamutal

      Daughter of Jeremiah, from Libnah — the mother of two kings, Jehoahaz and Zedekiah.

      2 Kgs 23:31 · 2 Kgs 24:18
    • Mother of his sons
      Zebidah

      Daughter of Pedaiah, from Rumah.

      2 Kgs 23:36
    1. JehoahazReigned over JudahMother: Hamutal

       King of Judah. Kings: twenty-three when he became king; after three months Pharaoh Neco carried him off to Egypt, where he died. Jeremiah speaks of Shallum son of Josiah, who succeeded his father; 1 Chronicles lists Shallum as Josiah’s fourth son.

       2 Kgs 23:30 · 2 Kgs 23:31 · 2 Chr 36:1
    2. ZedekiahReigned over JudahAlso called: Mattaniah · Mother: Hamutal

       The last king of Judah. Kings: Mattaniah, Jehoiachin’s uncle, made king by the king of Babylon and renamed Zedekiah; Jeremiah calls him a son of Josiah. When Jerusalem fell his sons were killed before his eyes, and he was taken to Babylon.

       2 Kgs 24:17 · 2 Kgs 24:18 · Jer 37:1
19. JehoiakimReigned over JudahAlso called: Eliakim · Mother: Zebidah

    Pharaoh Neco made Eliakim son of Josiah king and changed his name to Jehoiakim. Kings: twenty-five when he became king, eleven years in Jerusalem; he served Nebuchadnezzar three years, then rebelled.

    2 Kgs 23:34 · 2 Kgs 23:36 · 2 Chr 36:4

    • Mother of his sons
      Nehushta

      Daughter of Elnathan, from Jerusalem. She surrendered with her son and was taken to Babylon.

      2 Kgs 24:8
20. JeconiahReigned over JudahMother: Nehushta

    Kings and 2 Chronicles call him Jehoiachin. 2 Kings: eighteen when he became king, three months in Jerusalem; the Hebrew text of 2 Chronicles has eight, some ancient translations eighteen. Taken to Babylon, he was released from prison by Evil-merodach.

    1 Chr 3:16 · Jer 24:1 · Matt 1:11

Kings of Israel

1. KishDid not reign

   A Benjamite. 1 Samuel calls him the son of Abiel; 1 Chronicles says that Ner was the father of Kish.

   1 Sam 9:1 · 1 Sam 10:21
2. SaulReigned over all Israel

   The first king of Israel, anointed by Samuel; he died in battle with three of his sons. The Hebrew text of the verse with his age and the length of his reign lacks the numbers; Acts speaks of forty years under Saul.

   1 Sam 9:2 · 1 Sam 10:1 · 1 Sam 31:6
   1. MichalDid not reignHusband: David

      Saul’s younger daughter, given to David in marriage. “Michal the daughter of Saul had no children to the day of her death.”

      1 Sam 18:27 · 2 Sam 6:23
   2. Ish-boshethReigned over IsraelAlso called: Esh-baal

      Abner made him king over Israel at forty; he reigned two years, while the house of Judah followed David. Two of his own commanders killed him.

      2 Sam 2:8 · 2 Sam 2:10 · 2 Sam 4:8

Jeroboam: Reigned after Solomon · 1 Kgs 12:20

1. NebatDid not reign1 Kgs 11:26 · 1 Kgs 12:2

   • Mother of his sons
     Zeruah

     A widow.

     1 Kgs 11:26
2. JeroboamReigned over IsraelMother: Zeruah

   An Ephraimite, a servant of Solomon who rebelled against him. When the kingdom divided, Israel made him king; “only the tribe of Judah followed the house of David.” Kings: twenty-two years.

   1 Kgs 11:26 · 1 Kgs 12:20 · 1 Kgs 14:20
3. NadabReigned over Israel

   Kings: two years. Baasha killed him at Gibbethon and struck down the whole house of Jeroboam.

   1 Kgs 14:20 · 1 Kgs 15:25

Baasha: Reigned after Nadab · 1 Kgs 15:28

1. AhijahDid not reign

   Of the house of Issachar. Not Ahijah the prophet.

   1 Kgs 15:27 · 1 Kgs 15:33
2. BaashaReigned over Israel

   He conspired against Nadab, killed him and reigned in his place, and struck down the house of Jeroboam. Kings: twenty-four years, in Tirzah.

   1 Kgs 15:27 · 1 Kgs 15:33 · 1 Kgs 16:6
3. ElahReigned over Israel

   Kings: two years, in Tirzah. While he was getting drunk there, his servant Zimri killed him. Not Elah the father of Hoshea.

   1 Kgs 16:6 · 1 Kgs 16:8

Zimri: Reigned after Elah · 1 Kgs 16:10

1. ZimriReigned over Israel

   Commander of half of Elah’s chariots. He reigned seven days in Tirzah; when the army besieged the city, he burned the palace down upon himself.

   1 Kgs 16:9 · 1 Kgs 16:15

Omri: Reigned after Zimri · 1 Kgs 16:16

1. OmriReigned over Israel

   Commander of the army, proclaimed king in the camp. Half of the people supported Tibni son of Ginath, until Tibni died. Kings: twelve years; he bought the hill of Samaria and built the city.

   1 Kgs 16:16 · 1 Kgs 16:23 · 1 Kgs 16:28
2. AhabReigned over Israel

   Kings: twenty-two years in Samaria; he did more evil than all who were before him. Kings says he had seventy sons in Samaria, whom Jehu had killed.

   1 Kgs 16:28 · 1 Kgs 16:29 · 1 Kgs 22:40

   • Wife
     Jezebel

     Daughter of Ethbaal king of the Sidonians. When Jehu came to Jezreel she was thrown down from a window, and Jehu said it fulfilled the word of Elijah.

     1 Kgs 16:31 · 1 Kgs 21:25 · 2 Kgs 9:30
   1. AthaliahReigned over JudahHusband: Joram

      Kings calls Jehoram’s wife a daughter of Ahab, and Ahaziah’s mother Athaliah a granddaughter of Omri (the Hebrew word is daughter). When her son died she killed the royal heirs and ruled the land six years, until she was put to death.

      2 Kgs 8:26 · 2 Kgs 11:1–3 · 2 Chr 22:10–12
   2. AhaziahReigned over Israel

      King of Israel. Kings: two years in Samaria. He fell through the lattice of his upper room and died, as Elijah had said; since he had no son, Jehoram reigned after him.

      1 Kgs 22:40 · 1 Kgs 22:51 · 2 Kgs 1:2
   3. JoramReigned over IsraelAlso called: Jehoram · Mother: Jezebel

      King of Israel, the brother of Ahaziah; Kings also calls him Jehoram son of Ahab. Kings: twelve years in Samaria. Jehu shot him at Jezreel; the same day Jehu’s men struck down Ahaziah king of Judah.

      2 Kgs 3:1 · 2 Kgs 8:16 · 2 Kgs 9:24

Jehu: Reigned after Joram · 2 Kgs 9:24

1. NimshiDid not reign2 Kgs 9:2 · 2 Kgs 9:14
2. JehoshaphatDid not reign

   Not Jehoshaphat king of Judah.

   2 Kgs 9:2 · 2 Kgs 9:14
3. JehuReigned over Israel

   Anointed king by a prophet whom Elisha sent, he killed Joram of Israel, Ahaziah of Judah, Jezebel and the house of Ahab. Kings: twenty-eight years in Samaria. Elsewhere called the son of Nimshi.

   1 Kgs 19:16 · 2 Kgs 9:2 · 2 Kgs 10:36
4. JehoahazReigned over Israel

   King of Israel. Kings: seventeen years in Samaria; in his days Hazael king of Aram oppressed Israel. Not Jehoahaz son of Josiah.

   2 Kgs 10:35 · 2 Kgs 13:1
5. JehoashReigned over Israel

   King of Israel. Kings: sixteen years in Samaria. He captured Amaziah king of Judah at Beth-shemesh and broke down part of the wall of Jerusalem. Not Joash king of Judah.

   2 Kgs 13:9 · 2 Kgs 13:10 · 2 Kgs 14:8
6. JeroboamReigned over Israel

   Kings: forty-one years in Samaria. He restored the border of Israel from Lebo-hamath to the Sea of the Arabah, as Jonah son of Amittai had said. Not Jeroboam son of Nebat.

   2 Kgs 14:16 · 2 Kgs 14:23 · 2 Kgs 14:29
7. ZechariahReigned over Israel

   Kings: six months in Samaria; Shallum killed him. Kings adds that the word to Jehu was fulfilled: “Four generations of your sons will sit on the throne of Israel.”

   2 Kgs 14:29 · 2 Kgs 15:8

Shallum: Reigned after Zechariah · 2 Kgs 15:10

1. JabeshDid not reign2 Kgs 15:10 · 2 Kgs 15:13
2. ShallumReigned over Israel

   He killed Zechariah and reigned in his place one month in Samaria; Menahem son of Gadi killed him.

   2 Kgs 15:10 · 2 Kgs 15:13

Menahem: Reigned after Shallum · 2 Kgs 15:14

1. GadiDid not reign2 Kgs 15:14 · 2 Kgs 15:17
2. MenahemReigned over Israel

   Kings: ten years in Samaria. When Pul king of Assyria invaded the land, Menahem gave him a thousand talents of silver.

   2 Kgs 15:14 · 2 Kgs 15:17 · 2 Kgs 15:22
3. PekahiahReigned over Israel

   Kings: two years in Samaria. His officer Pekah killed him in the citadel of the king’s palace.

   2 Kgs 15:22 · 2 Kgs 15:23

Pekah: Reigned after Pekahiah · 2 Kgs 15:25

1. RemaliahDid not reign2 Kgs 15:25 · 2 Kgs 15:27
2. PekahReigned over Israel

   Kings: twenty years in Samaria. In his days Tiglath-pileser king of Assyria captured Gilead and Galilee and took the people captive to Assyria.

   2 Kgs 15:25 · 2 Kgs 15:27

Hoshea: Reigned after Pekah · 2 Kgs 15:30

1. ElahDid not reign

   Not Elah son of Baasha.

   2 Kgs 15:30 · 2 Kgs 17:1
2. HosheaReigned over Israel

   The last king of Israel. Kings dates his conspiracy to the twentieth year of Jotham and the start of his reign to the twelfth year of Ahaz. In his ninth year the king of Assyria captured Samaria and carried Israel away.

   2 Kgs 15:30 · 2 Kgs 17:1 · 2 Kgs 17:6